TOEFL test: READING COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY 5 on-line test

SECTION III: READING COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY
60 Questions

Each sentence in Part A has a word or phrase underlined. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word.

1. urgent
2. unavoidable
3. important
4. necessary

1. poor
2. antagonistic
3. delinquent
4. reticent

1. quenching
2. expediting
3. discarding
4. engaging

1. enterprises
2. consequences
3. conferences
4. disputes

1. creators
2. donors
3. receivers
4. instigators

1. paramount
2. seen
3. viewed
4. located

1. unconscious
2. injured
3. deceased
4. distressed

1. summon
2. usurp
3. impose
4. communicate

1. much desired
2. rewarding
3. outstanding
4. highly regarded

1. rainy
2. stormy
3. uninviting
4. intense

1. repainted
2. refurbished
3. refurnished
4. reiterated

1. save
2. surface
3. sink
4. submerge

1. sustaining
2. devaluating
3. yielding
4. enduring

1. stimulated
2. entrenched
3. shocked
4. captivated

1. critical
2. scientific
3. final
4. initial

1. complicated
2. gruesome
3. artistic
4. vague

1. quieted
2. pervaded
3. stilled
4. stifled

1. watery
2. subterranean
3. glorious
4. unknown

1. glorification
2. saturation
3. decomposition
4. preservation

1. separate
2. unite
3. bend
4. straighten

1. effect
2. collision
3. uplift
4. uproar

1. result
2. climax
3. abyss
4. cultivation

1. meagerly
2. improperly
3. sparsely
4. heavily

1. static
2. stable
3. flourishing
4. poor

1. overlooked
2. owned
3. surveyed
4. encircled

1. surrendered
2. came forth
3. fought
4. dismissed

1. joined
2. separated
3. dispensed
4. revoked

1. contradicted
2. incorporated
3. were compatible with
4. enhanced

1. hurriedly
2. punctually
3. quickly
4. sleepily

1. friend
2. lawyer
3. follower
4. captor

Part B; DIRECTIONS In Part B. the questions are based on a variety of reading material (single sentences, paragraphs, advertisements, and the like). You are to choose the one best answer, (1), (2), (3), or (4), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the problem and mark your answer. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage. ' ' QUESTIONS 31 THOUGH 35 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING READING. ' ' The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps inq making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more prone to contract certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, government researchers realized that nitrates and nitrites, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and poultry, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are administered to animals not for medicinal purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on simply trying to in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.

1. Because of science, disease caused by contaminated food has been virtually eradicated.
2. (2)It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.
3. As a result of scientific intervention, some potentially harmful substances have been added to our food.
4. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables

1. They preserve flavor in packaged foods.
2. They preserve the color of meats.
3. They are the objects of research.
4. They cause the animals to become fatter.

1. Food Direct Additives
2. Final Difficult Analysis
3. Food and Drug Administration
4. Federal Dairy Additives

1. trouble-making
2. color-retaining
3. money-making
4. cancer-causing

1. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.
2. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals.
3. Researchers have known about the potential hazards of food additives for over thirty-five years.
4. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in the world.

SELECTION. @-M3 Because Egyptians believed in life after death, they mummified the body to preserve it from decay. The ancients left bo written accounts as to the execution of this process, so scientists have had to examine mummies and establish their own theories. The embalming process might have taken up to seventy days for nobles and only a few for the poor. Certain compounds of salts, spices, and resins were used to preserve the corpse, which was later wrapped in a fine linen cloth and then encased in a wooden box before being placed in a sarcophagus.

1. Accurate records have been handed down to us.
2. Interviews with embalmers who still use the process have revealed the secret.
3. After studying mummies, scientists have developed their own theories.
4. Chemical analysis of the compounds has led us to an explanation of the method used.

1. lengthy and complicated
2. short and simple
3. strict and unfaltering
4. wild and terrifying

1. Bodies were preserved as a matter of religious belief.
2. All mummification took seventy days to complete.
3. Special compounds were used to embalm the bodies.
4. It has been difficult to determine the process used.

@-M5 A tapeworm is a parasite that lives in the intestines of humans and animals. Some tapeworms attach themselves to the intestinal wall by means of suckers in their heads. Others float freely in the intestines and absorb food through the walls of their bodies. A tapeworm consists of numerous segments. When a new segment forms, older ones move to the back of the animal. Each segment contains hermaphroditic sexual organs (that is, organs of male and female). The uterus of each segment fills with eggs, which develop into embryos. Generally, when the egg is ready to hatch,the segment breaks off and is eliminated through the host's excretory system. These embryos continue their development only if ingested by an intermediate host. One may be infected by tapeworms by eating undercooked beef,pork,or fish. Symptoms include irregular appetite, abdominal discomfort,anemia, weakness, and nervousness.

1. An embryo will cease to develop if not ingested by a host.
2. A tapeworm will continue to live even when segments break off.
3. The segment farthest back on the tail is the oldest.
4. Tapeworms always float freely in the digestive system.

1. a tapeworm
2. a segment containing an embryo
3. a being that contains male and female sexual organs
4. an animal made of segments

1. unusual eating habits
2. excitability
3. deficiency of red blood cells
4. euphoria

1. A tapeworm uterus contains one egg.
2. Overcooked beef is a cause of tapeworms.
3. A male tapeworm must always be ingested before reproduction will occur.
4. Tapeworms vary in their method of ingesting food.

1. Parasites
2. Reproduction of the
3. The Tapeworm, a Harmful Parasite
4. Segmented Parasites

@-M5 After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony. Nobel's original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from $40,000 to $125,000. Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judge's decisions. Americans have won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes. No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes.

1. 1895
2. 1901
3. 1961
4. 1968

1. to recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity
2. to resolve political differences
3. to honor the inventor of dynamite
4. to spend money.

1. literature
2. peace
3. economics
4. science

1. Awards vary in monetary value.
2. Ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel's invention.
3. Polities can play an important role in selecting the winners.
4. A few individuals have won two awards.

1. 2
2. 5
3. 6
4. 10

QUESTIONS 49 through 52 ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT. 3 BR art., start Aug. I, close to univ., pool, part. furn. w/washer/ dryer, cent. A/C $150 + 1/3 util., nonsmoker, lst, last, + $1žž dep.

1. editorial
2. entertainment
3. classified
4. real estate

1. Renter must not smoke.
2. Renter must bring all his or her furniture.
3. Renter must share bedroom.
4. Renter will be close to the university.

1. The tenant will have to pay only $150 per month.
2. Washer and dryer are provided.
3. Occupation date is August lst.
4. Renter will need to provide some furniture.

1. $150
2. $400
3. $100
4. $250

@-M5 Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally: spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking.A nod signifies approval,while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction. Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people. While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.

1. When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication.
2. Everybody uses only one form of communication.
3. Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.
4. Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest.

1. There are many forms of communication in existence today.
2. Verbalization is the most common form of communication.
3. The deaf and mute use an oral form of communication.
4. Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by body language.

1. picture signs
2. Braille
3. body language
4. signal flags

1. 5
2. 7
3. 9
4. 11

1. spelling
2. ideas
3. whole words
4. expressions

DIRECTIONS FOR QUESTIONS 58 THROUGH 60 For each of these questions, choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the original sentence. Note that several of the choices may be factually correct, but you should choose the one that is the closest restatement of the given sentence.

1. A photograph is generally an extension of the family, and the family cannot survive the presence of it.
2. The remains if a family generally contain an extended photograph album.
3. The photograph albums of most families generally contain photographs of parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and children, and the photographs generally remain after the people have died.
4. The family is the focus of most photograph albums, and these albums can always be found among the extended family's remains.

1. We have always realized that our technological advances were occurring at a more rapid rate than our earth could handle,yet we weren't prepared,heretofore, to forego our enjoyment of the benefits.
2. Because we did not understand that technology was affecting our country's precipitation processes,we have been the brunt of terrible joke.
3. We have revolutionized technology so rapidly that we have enjoyed a greater prosperity without having to concern ourselves with possible adverse effects on our fellow countrymen.
4. It is possible that, because we so quickly found ourselves in a technological revolution, and were enjoying the benefits to such a degree, we did not realize the possible effects on the earth's biosphere.

1. Experiments have proven that it is very important for a human baby under three years of age to have some nutrition.
2. Because of the experiments with animals, researchers believe that good nutrition for infants is very important.
3. If animals are deprived of health food for three years, they will not be healthy.
4. If infant humans do not eat good food for three years, they well act like animals.

STOP. THIS IS THE END OF THE EXAMINATION. IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS UP,CHECK YOUR WORK ON PARTS A AND B OF THE READING COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY SECTION ONLY. DO NOT RETURN TO ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST.